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The Pueblo people are one of the oldest cultures in North America.

The Ancestral Puebloans, also known as Anasazi, were an ancient American Indian culture that inhabited the Four Corners region, encompassing what is now southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado.

They built a variety of structures, including small family pit houses, which were basic dwellings for individual families. Larger structures, or clan houses, were used for extended families or clans, while grand pueblos could house thousands of people as well as provide space for cultural events. Useful for defense, the Ancestral Puebloans also built large complexes in shallow caves and rock overhangs in canyon walls that included buildings for housing, defense, and storage. They were built of blocks of hard sandstone held together with adobe mortar.

The Ancestral Puebloans are believed to have emerged around the 12th century BCE and are considered the forerunners of contemporary Pueblo peoples, although specific connections are unclear.

Contemporary Puebloans are indigenous to the Southwest. There are currently several federally recognized tribes of Pueblo Indians, the majority of them in New Mexico. These include the Acoma Pueblo, the Cochiti Pueblo, the Isleta Pueblo, the Jemez Pueblo, the Kewa Pueblo, the Laguna Pueblo, the Nambé Pueblo, the Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo, the Picuris Pueblo, the Pojoaque Pueblo, the Sandia Pueblo, the San Felipe Pueblo, the San Ildefonso Pueblo, the Santa Ana Pueblo, the Taos Pueblo, the Tesuque Pueblo, the Zia Pueblo, and the Zuni Pueblo. An unrecognized tribe, the Piro/Manso/Tiwa Indian Tribe of the Pueblo of San Juan Guadalupe, is currently petitioning for federal recognition.

In Arizona, the people of the Hopi Tribe are considered by many to be a faction of the Pueblo Indians, while others consider the Hopi to be a related people.

Texas Puebloan groups include the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and the Piro Puebloans. Historically, another Texas band of Puebloans established the Firecracker Pueblo, which was abandoned in the late 15th century.

The Pueblo people are named for their characteristic settlements, known as pueblos, some of which are among the oldest continually occupied settlements in the United States. The term pueblo is Spanish, and can be translated as "town," "village," or "people." Pueblos are characterized by their unique Adobe architecture, often multi-story and terraced, with flat roofs. Some pueblos are built into cliffs of mesas, providing natural protection from attacks.

Among currently inhabited pueblos, some of the better-known ones are the Taos Pueblo, the San Ildefonso Pueblo, the Acoma Pueblo, and the Zuni Pueblo, all in New Mexico, as well as the Hopi Pueblo in northeastern Arizona.

Archaeological evidence suggests that the Puebloans began to move away from the ancient pit houses dug into cliffs around 700 to 900 BCE, and to constructs connected rectangular rooms arranged in apartment-like structures made of adobe, adapted according to the site. By 1050, they had constructed planned villages of large terraced buildings, each with many rooms, and often built on defensive sites, such as ledges of massive rock, flat summits, or steep-sided mesas, providing protection for raids by other tribes, such as the Comanche and Navajo. Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, had about seven hundred rooms in five stories and may have housed as many as a thousand people.

Traditionally, corn (maize) has been a staple in the diet of the Pueblo people, although it is likely that some Pueblo groups also grew gourds and other local plants. It is believed that maize cultivation began in central Mexico and was carried northward by migrating farmers, probably related to the Aztecs.

Puebloans are also known for their production of decorated ceramic pottery, which has been central to Pueblo life, used for ceremonial and utilitarian purposes. The clay is locally sourced, often handmade, and traditionally fired in an earthen pit.

Religions common to contemporary Puebloans include Christianity and Kachina, the latter being a traditional religion. A kachina is a spirit being with three aspects: supernatural beings, the kachina dancers, and kachina dolls, the latter of which are often commercialized and offered for sale to tourists. The kachinas are believed to visit villages during the first half of the year, although kachina traditions vary from one Pueblo community to another. A kachina might represent anything in the natural world or the cosmos, from a revered ancestor to an element, location, quality, natural phenomenon, or concept, and are understood as having human-like relationships. While they are not worshipped, they are respected.

Topics related to any of the recognized or unrecognized Pueblo tribes or organizations are appropriate for this category.

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