The focus of this category is on text editors and source code editors, which are sometimes the same thing.
Unlike word processor programs and most other software used to produce written documents, text editors are specifically designed for editing plain text, which may be used for note-taking, but they are also used for programming code, markup, configuration files, and other purposes.
Plain text implies that the text itself doesn't have any formatting or at least none that matters. In plain text, letters or words are not emphasized, boldfaced, or italicized, and the font size and typeface doesn't matter; only the text matters.
Word processing programs, such as Microsoft Word or Corel WordPerfect, are not well suited for programming because they automatically insert their own code into the document, which would have to be stripped out. This is because word processors are designed to produce WYSIWYG documents, so formatting effects are achieved directly in the document rather than through the use of plain-text markup.
A text editor is a computer program that edits plain text. Sometimes known as notepad applications, text editors are usually included with operating system installations, but several third-party editors are also available.
Many text editors are simple and small, offering little in the way of features, while others are rich in features. Some text editors can edit very large files, such as an entire database placed in a single file, while simpler editors may be restricted to the files that can be loaded into the computer's main memory.
Some text editors are programmable, allowing the user to automate repetitive tasks, add new functions, or even implement a new application within the framework of the editor. Emacs, for example, can be extended far beyond editing text files.
Features that are available in most text editors include find and replace, cut, copy and paste, undo, and redo. Many text editors include basic formatting features like line wrap, auto-indentation, bullet list formatting, and the use of ASCII characters, but these are generally used only for display, and do not insert formatting codes into the document itself.
Source code editors are specialized text editors designed for programming and are used to create or to edit the source code of computer programs. Also known as coding editors or programming editors, source code editors may be standalone applications or they may be built into an integrated development environment (IDE) or even a web browser. For computer programming, a source code editor is a fundamental tool, since writing and editing source code is the chief job of a programmer.
Although plain text editors can be used to write or edit source code, and some programmers prefer them, a source code editor differs from a simple text editor in that it includes features specifically designed to simplify or enhance the writing of the source code. These features might include syntax highlighting, indentation, and brace matching functions, and usually include a convenient way to run a compiler, interpreter, debugger, or other programs necessary in the software development process. Thus, while Notepad can be used to write source code, it isn't a source code editor unless it enhances, automates, or simplifies the writing of code in some manner.
Some source code editors are designed to be used with a particular programming language, while others include features relevant to a wide range of programming, scripting, or markup languages.
There are probably hundreds of text editors and source code editors available. Many operating systems include two or three of them, while others may be purchased or downloaded for free from various sources.
An editor well known to programmers is Vim. Developed in 1991, it was a clone of an even earlier editor, Vi, which was a text editor for Unix. It's still available, under active development, and many programmers swear by it. However, for those who aren't already familiar with Vim, there are easier editors available. Vim's interface isn't based on menus or graphics, but on commands presented in a text user interface. Modern versions of Vim include a GUI mode, gVim, which adds menus and toolbars for commonly used commands, but its full functionality is still expressed through a command line.
Unlike Vim, more modern editors usually allow the aspiring programmer to click in a window and start typing, and many of them even include an option to run the editor in Vim compatibility mode, which may be of use to those who are familiar with Vim but want to avail themselves of some of the features of a modern editor.
The focus of this category is on any of the specific text editors or source code editors that are currently available, or which have historical significance, as well as on text editors in general.
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Aptana Studio 3 is an open-source IDE based on the Eclipse IDE for programming and web application development. Its core features include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and Ruby assistance aids, a deployment wizard to automatically publish Ruby & Rails applications to hosting services, an integrated debugger, built-in terminal, Git integration, and IDE customization capabilities. It is available for download under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
http://www.aptana.com/
Developed by Bare Bones Software in 1992, and still under active development and distribution, BBEdit is a proprietary text editor for the macOS platform. A thirty-day evaluation period is available, after which its features will be limited unless it is purchased. A quote for multi-user pricing may be requested. Its features are discussed, along with the requirements for installation, a macOS compatibility guide, support options, and an online community support forum.
http://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/
Available through SourceForge as free and open-source software, Beaver is a GTK-=+2 editor designed to be lightweight, modular, and stylish. Because its only dependency is GTK+2, there is no need to install other libraries, making the editor suitable for older computers and use in small Linux distributions. The developers are acknowledged, screenshots are offered, and development news is reported to the site. A stable release may be downloaded, along with plugins adding functionality.
http://beaver-editor.sourceforge.net/
Designed for programmers and web developers, and available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, Bluefish is an editor with support for several programming and markup languages. The multi-platform application runs on most common desktop operating systems, including Linux, FreeBSD, macOS, Windows, OpenBSD, and Solaris. Its features are listed, with screenshots, development notes, a user manual, and a support wiki. Contacts are included.
http://bluefish.openoffice.nl/
Free and open-source, Brackets is a lightweight text editor for CSS, HTML, and JavaScript that is built-in CSS, HTML, and JavaScript, with installers available for the Mac, Windows, and Debian and Ubuntu Linux operating systems. The editor is described and made available for download from the site, which includes a video introduction, a JavaScript debugger, and various tutorials. Users may suggest features, track the progress of its development, or find links to related resources.
http://brackets.io/
Available from the Apple App Store, Buffer Editor is a code and text editor for iPhone, iPad, and iPad Pro, allowing users to code in any language supported by iOS. Its features include highlighting the current line and matching brackets, fullscreen mode, escape key toggling between insert and Vim mode, and several fixed-width fonts to choose from. The editor includes several syntax themes, and files can be previewed in Safari. Both light and dark themes are available.
https://buffereditor.com/
Available from the Mac App Store or from the site, CodeRunner is a lightweight, multi-language programming editor for macOS. The editor features a documentation sidebar, file navigator, TextMate syntaxes and themes, code templates, multiple selections, symbol navigator, automatic indentation support, live running process statistics, and run with arguments and input sets. It is designed to be highly configurable and a purchase includes software updates.
https://coderunnerapp.com/
Developed for Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux, and FreeBSD systems, Cream is a free text editor designed to be a modern configuration of the famous Vim editor, consisting of a set of scripts that can be run within Vim to make it act more like a modern editor, in the way of operability and interface, using pulldown menus, keyboard shortcuts, and numerous editing functions. Documentation is provided, along with a brief list of features, and a download link.
http://cream.sourceforge.net/
Available as a free download under the terms of the GNU General Public License, DRPython is a customizable cross-platform independent development environment (IDE) for programming in the Python programming language. Designed for teaching Python programming, the editor has a simple interface and was written in Python, using wxPython as the GUI. Project samples are displayed, and both the editor and its source code are available, along with a user forum.
http://drpython.sourceforge.net/
Made for Windows, EditPad Lite is a compact, general-purpose text editor designed to edit any kind of plain text file. Its features include support for large files and long lines, full Unicode support, a tabbed interface for working with many files, unlimited undo and redo, automatic backup and working copies, and a powerful search and replace. The application is free for personal use, and business and government users can purchase a license. User testimonials are provided.
https://www.editpadlite.com/
Published by Just Great Software Company, EditPad Pro is a versatile text editor or word processor, with built-in support for many file types, and several other features, such as configurable syntax highlighting. When opening files, EditPad Pro preserves the file’s compatibility unless the user explicitly converts it, allowing it to be used as a source code editor or as a word processor. Its features and benefits are listed, along with user testimonials, and documentation.
https://www.editpadpro.com/
Available through a shareware plan, EditPlus is a text editor for Windows that includes features for programmers, such as syntax highlighting, file type conversions, line ending conversion, regular expressions for search-and-replace, keystroke, spellcheck, full support for Unicode editing, customizable keyboard shortcuts, code folding, and others which are highlighted here, along with screenshots. It may be downloaded as shareware or purchased online.
https://www.editplus.com/
Available for purchase through an annual subscription or lifetime license, EmEditor is a lightweight commercial text editor for the Microsoft Windows platform. Its coding features, large file support, and user experience features are defined, along with its extensibility, versatility, and other features. Screenshots and informational videos are included, along with its suitability in HTML design, programming, publishing, database administration, and server administration.
https://www.emeditor.com/
Designed for the macOS platform, Espresso is a programming and web editor that facilitates writing, coding, designing, building, and publishing. Its features include live preview through Chrome, Firefox, and Safari, as well as CSS tools, Zen snippets, templates, multi-edit capabilities, and language support for CoffeeScript, CSS, HTML, JavaScript, LESS, PHP, Python, Ruby, and XML. A trial version is available, and it may be purchased through the site.
https://www.espressoapp.com/
The Fox Toolkit is a C++ based class library for building graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Originally developed for Linux, it now supports several platforms. Statically linked with FOX, and available for download, is Adie, a GPL-licensed programming text editor written using the FOX Toolkit, that offers several features for programming. The features of both are highlighted, along with documentation, free downloads, installation instructions, license information, and development notes.
http://www.fox-toolkit.org/
Compatible with Linux, macOS, and Windows, Geany is a programmer’s text editor and integrated development environment (IDE) with built-in support for more than fifty programming languages. Requiring the GTK2 runtime libraries, the editor supports syntax highlighting, code folding, symbol name auto-completion, construct completion, auto-closing of XML and HTML tags, call tips, symbol lists, code navigation, and several supported filetypes, as well as a build system to compile and execute code.
https://www.geany.org/
Written in C and Python, Gedit is the default text editor for the GNOME desktop environment and part of the GNOME core applications. Designed as a general-purpose text editor, it features a simple GUI, along with tools for editing source code and markup language, and is available as free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Its features, user documentation, how-to documents, available plugins, and development resources are posted.
https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Gedit
Based on MerlotXML, GenDoc is an XML editor written in Java. Developed in the ARCADE team of the CLIPS research laboratory of the Joseph Fourier University, the project is managed by David Jean Pierre. The editor is made up of three views: a tree view, attribute view for the current element, and a styled view that shows the document with a visual aspect. A description of the editor is put forth, along with screenshots, development information, licensure, and a download link.
http://gendiapo.sourceforge.net/
Purporting to be the original editor for Unix, GNU ed is a line-oriented text editor that can be used to create, display, modify, and otherwise manipulate text files, interactively and through shell scripts. Distributed by the Free Software Foundation, the editor is available as a free and open-source download under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Online documentation is available and earlier versions are available, along with the latest stable release.
https://www.gnu.org/software/ed/
Emacs is a family of text editors characterized by their extensibility, the most widely known being GNU Emacs. Sponsored by the Free Software Foundation, GNU Emacs is an extensible, customizable, free/libre text editor. At its core is an interpreter for Emacs Lisp, a dialect of the Lisp programming language with extensions supporting text editing. Its features are listed, along with documentation and support, bug reports, a developer mailing list, and a download link.
https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/
Commonly known as jsXe, the scalable, platform-independent XML editor is available for free under the terms of the GNU General Public License, offering developers and end-users an intuitive way of creating XML documents. Its features are listed, and planned features are discussed, along with screenshots, development notes, and information for developers who may want to get involved with the open-source project, hosted on SourceForge.
http://jsxe.sourceforge.net/
Written in Java, jEdit will run on macOS, OS/2, Unix, VMS, and Windows platforms, and is available as free software, with full source code, under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Designed for use in programming, the text editor’s features are listed here, with information on compatibility, screenshots, icons, images, and user reviews. Also available is a quick-start guide, documentation, support data, a support wiki, and an online community forum.
http://www.jedit.org/
Kate (KDE Advanced Text Editor) is a multi-document editor, and a KDE application, that includes network transparency, as well as integration with the features of KDE. It can be used for viewing HTML sources, editing configuration files, writing new software applications, or any other text editing task. It is a free and open-source application, under the terms of the GNU General Public License and the GNU Lesser General Public License. An informational blog is included.
https://kate-editor.org/
Developed by Tarot Osuji, Leafpad is an open-source (GNU General Public License) text editor for BSD, Linux, and Maemo. Designed to be a lightweight text editor with minimal dependencies, and to be easy to compile, it is the default text editor for the LXDE desktop environment. and was previously the default editor for Lubuntu. Its features are listed and illustrated with screenshots, the requirements for operation are given, and it is available for download from the site.
http://tarot.freeshell.org/leafpad/
MED is a programmer’s text editor and universal development system available for Windows and OS/2 platforms. Designed to be suitable for any text editing job, it includes features that support writing and compiling source code, including Ada, C, C++, Clipper, Fortran, HTML, Java, Matlab, Modula2, Pascal, PHP, REXX, Tcl/Tk, TeX, VRML, and X86/MC68k Assembler, as well as a plugin interface. Its features are highlighted here, along with ordering information.
http://www.med-editor.com/indexus.html
Minimum Profit is a basic programming editor designed for working with multiple files simultaneously, using a system of tabs, copying and pasting text blocks between them. The editor provides color code for the syntax of most popular programming languages, such as C, C++, PHP, SQL, Python, and HTML, as well as completion labels and commands, automatic positioning of the code, and a simple utility for search and replace. Its features and online documentation are included.
https://triptico.com/software/mp.html
Intended as a replacement for the Pico text editor, Nano was designed to emulate Pico as closely as possible, while adding extra functionality. Originally known as TIP, the editor was first released for GNU Linux in 1999, the program was renamed in 2000, and became an official GNU program in 2001. Still regularly maintained, the editor may be freely downloaded from the site, which also includes full documentation, a history of the project, release notes, and contacts.
https://www.nano-editor.org/
Based on Scintilla, Notepad++ is a free and open-source (GNU General Public License) source code editor, made to be used in a Microsoft Windows environment. The editor offers syntax and brace highlighting for many programming languages, search and replace, macro-recording, and playback. It is highly configurable, with a plugin manager, and has several other features for programmers. A user manual and user-defined language online documentation, a chat room, and support forum are available.
https://notepad-plus-plus.org/
Both the editor program and source code are free for use under its own license, which is stated here, the source code editor features syntax highlighting, text clips for simple insertion, code folding and outlining, flexible regular expression support, and code navigation, the editor can be extended using Python or C++. Available add-ons are featured, the requirements for installation are stated, and installation instructions are published, along with the steps for adding a new language.
http://www.pnotepad.org/
The freeware programmer’s editor is designed for use with the Microsoft Windows operating system by users who work in various programming environments, prefer highlighted syntax, and saves in plain text. PSPad also offers rich text formatting functions and supports extensions. An introduction to the editor is presented, extensions are listed, and licensure data is included, along with author information, awards, screenshots, a FAQ, and an interactive user forum.
http://www.pspad.com/en/
Developed in 1999 and still under active development, Scintilla is a free and open-source library and text editor with an emphasis on advanced source code editing capabilities, including syntax highlighting, error indicators, line numbering in the margin, and code breaks, as well as code folding and autocompletion options. Also included is SciTE, a SCIntilla-based text editor with facilities for building and running programs. Feature lists, screenshots, and documentation are included.
https://scintilla.org/
Created in 1996, the open-source, multi-platform text editor was patterned after the Borland C++ Turbo IDE, as well as the RHIDE editor. Although not under current development, it supports the DOS platform, GNU/Linux for the 1386 architecture, Win32, Darwin, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, and QNX. Distributed under the GNU General Public License, its features are listed, screenshots are provided, licensure info, and an introduction to the editor are included.
http://setedit.sourceforge.net/
Available from Before Dawn Solutions, skEdit is a macOS HTML and text editor, which may be used for website design or programming. Its features include subversion integration, HTML tidy, code completion, live preview in browser, snippets, remote files, user scripts, and extensible editing with support for ActionScript, ASP, Cold Fusion, CSS, HTML, JavaScript, MovableType, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Ruby on Rails, and SQL. The editor is available for purchase online.
https://www.beforedawnsolutions.com/skedit/
Originally known as Visual SlickEdit, the cross-platform commercial source code editor, text editor, code editor, and integrated development environment (IDE) supports integrated debuggers for GNU C/C++, Java, WinDbg, Clang C/C++, Groovy, Google Golang, Python, Ruby, PHP, Xcode, and Android JVM/NDK. Available in Standard and Pro editions, the features of each are listed, along with prices, a support video, FAQs, and online support forums. A trial version is available.
https://www.slickedit.com/
The collaborative real-time editor is designed to be used with the macOS platform. Known as Hydra when it was originally released in 2003, it took its current name the following year, and is available for free through the Apple App Store or by a download from the site, under the terms of the MIT License. The editor ships with ActionScript, Bash, C, C++, CSS, ERB, Erlang, HTML, Java, JavaScript, JSON, LaTeX, Lua, Markdown, Objective C, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, TOML, and XML support.
http://subethaedit.net/
Designed for code, markup, and prose, Sublime Text is available for Linux, Mac, and Windows platforms. With the purchase of one license, the editor can be installed on every computer that the buyer owns, regardless of the platform. In other words, if they own a Mac, and PCs running Windows and Linux, one license would be all that was required to install the program on all three devices. Its features are discussed, online documentation is provided, and a user forum is available.
https://www.sublimetext.com/
Available from MacroMates under the terms of the GNU General Public License, TextMate is a general-purpose GUI text editor for the macOS platform. Featuring declarative customizations, tabs for open documents, recordable macros, folding sections, snippets, shell integration, and an extensible bundle system, its features are described in detail, including development and version notes, an informational blog, and information about support options for the editor.
https://macromates.com/
Available in English, Japanese, and Polish, TextPad is a general-purpose editor for plain text files, suitable as a replacement for Notepad, a tool for editing web pages, or a programming IDE. Compatible with the Microsoft Windows platform, it is available on a try-before-you-buy basis. The same company offers WildEdit, an interactive tool for making the same changes to several files at once. Its products are highlighted here, and a user support forum is available.
https://textpad.com/
Tiny markets three online rich text editors, including TinyMCE, which is available as open-source under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as commercially, as well as Textbox.io, and EditLive, both of which are available through commercial end-user licenses. The company also offers Tiny Drive, a cloud-based file and image management system, and MoxieManager, used for managing media files in PHP and .NET environments. Its products and support services are highlighted.
https://www.tiny.cloud/
Supported by Linux, macOS, and Windows, UltraEdit is a commercial text editor designed for programmers. Distributed as Trialware, the editor can be evaluated for free for 15-30 days, depending on usage, after which a license key will be required. The editor is primarily used for coding HTML, PHP, CSS, C++, SAS, Unix shell scripts, PL/SQL, and Visual Basic. Other applications created by the same company include UltraCompare, UEStudio, UltraFTP, and UltraFinding.
https://www.ultraedit.com/
Under development by Thomas E. Dickey since late 1992, the text editor is designed to have the feel of Vi, while adding the multiple buffer and window features of Emacs and other editors. An overview of the editor is provided, along with a history of its development, release notes, a FAQ, and a help section. The source code may be downloaded from the site, along with a DOS executable, Win32 executable, OS/2 executable, and installers for Windows executables.
https://invisible-island.net/vile/
A clone of the vi text editor program for Unix, Vim is an advanced text editor designed for programmers, although it is also useful for other types of text editing. It is a powerful editor, but one that comes with a learning curve, and does not provide WYSIWYG editing. The software is available as charityware; distributed free, under the terms of the GNU General Public License, the authors of Vim ask that users make a donation to help children in Uganda through the ICCF.
https://www.vim.org/
The cross-platform graphical- and console-based text editor runs on most Unix-like operating systems, as well as Microsoft Windows. Licensed under the GNU General License, the program can be freely downloaded, used, modified, or distributed. The editor features syntax highlighting, keyboard macros, and commands to manipulate words and paragraphs, as well as online help, several manuals, and other documentation. Sites created with XEmacs are highlighted.
http://www.xemacs.org/
Designed by programmers for programming, the integrated development environment runs on the Windows platform and is preconfigured for several popular languages, including C, C++, C#, Go, Lua, Rust, Python, and others, promising fast startup and file loading. Its features are highlighted in screenshots, and user testimonials, tutorials, and a support forum are available. A downloadable trial version offers a 55-day trial period, after which the IDE must be purchased for continued use.
https://www.zeusedit.com/