Developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems, and released in 1995, Java is a general-purpose programming language. Its compiled code can be run on any platform that supports Java, which leads to its slogan, "write once, run anywhere."
Originally proprietary, in 2007, Sun relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GNU General Public License. Meanwhile, alternative implementations have been developed, such as the GNU Compiler for Java, GNU Classpath, and IcedTea, a bytecode compiler, standard libraries, and browser plugin, respectively. Another compiler for Java is the Open Java Development Kit (OpenJDK), developed by Oracle and licensed under the GNU General Public License. Although Oracle no longer supports OpenJDK, development has been continued by the JDK Project.
Now owned by Oracle, Sun Microsystems has continued to develop and upgrade the Java programming language.
Sun currently supports four editions of Java, which target different environments. These are Java Card for smart-cards, Java Platform, Micro Edition for environments with limited resources, Java Platform, Standard Edition for workstation environments, and Java Platform, Enterprise Edition for large distributed enterprises or Internet environments.
Java is both a platform and a programming language. Its platform is the Java runtime environment, on which programs can run. As a language, it is a high-level, robust, object-oriented language, although it is not a pure object-oriented language, as it contains primitive types.
Java is generally considered to be one of the easier programming languages to learn. In order to use the language, a Java compiler and a text editor are required. Although a basic text editor will work, an advanced editor, like NetBeans or Eclipse, might make the work easier.
Both NetBeans and Eclipse are integrated development environments (IDEs) for Java, allowing the development of applications from a set of modular components known as modules.
Topics related to any of the versions or implementations of Java are appropriate for this category, as are any editors designed specifically for Java programming, tutorials, and other Java-related content.
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Designed by James Strachan in 2003, Apache Groovy is an object-oriented language for the Java platform. With features similar to those of Python, Perl, Ruby, and Smalltalk, it can be used as both a programming language and a scripting language for the Java platform. Available under the Apache License, its features are highlighted here, along with full documentation. A source of binary distribution may be downloaded from the site, including a Windows installer.
http://www.groovy-lang.org/
Originally developed for Delphi in 1996, NetBeans was purchased by Sun Microsystems in 1999. Sun open-sourced the NetBeans IDE the following year. After being acquired by Oracle, NetBeans competed with JDeveloper, a freeware IDE. In 2016, Oracle donated the NetBeans project to the Apache Software Foundation which is currently responsible for its development. As a Java IDE, Apache NetBeans may be downloaded from the site, which highlights its features, and offers plugins.
https://netbeans.org/
Developed by the Jakarta Project, an umbrella project of the Apache Software Foundation, the Apache POI provides pure Java libraries for reading and writing files in Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and other Microsoft Office formats. Available under the Apache License, it may be downloaded from the site. Other resources include development notes, project news, case studies, encryption support, an overview of text extraction, and links to related projects.
https://poi.apache.org/
Funded, in part, by the National Science Foundation, the Texas Advanced Technology Program, and Sun Microsystems, DrJava was originally released in 2002. It is a lightweight Java integrated development environment (IDE) designed primarily for students and those who are new to Java programming. Actively developed and maintained by the JavaPLT group at Rice University, it is available under a DrJava Open Source License. Documentation, a quick-start guide, and video tutorials are available.
http://www.drjava.org/
Developed by Sun Microsystems, since acquired by Oracle, Java is a general-purpose programming language that is class-based and object-oriented, although not a pure object-oriented language. The intent is to provide a language in which application developers could write once, and run anywhere, as compiled Java code will run on any platform that supports Java. It may be downloaded from the site, subject to accepting the terms of its license agreement.
https://www.java.com/en/
With a membership consisting of Java programmers from around the world, the forum discusses all topics having to do with Java, Java programming, and related subjects. Powered by vBulletin, topic headings include Java Standard Edition programming help, Java API, learning Java, mobile development, Java Enterprise Edition, and paid Java projects, as well as an area for off-topic discussions. Java programming articles, videos, and blogs are included.
http://www.javaprogrammingforums.com/
Owned by International Data Group (IDG), a Chinese-owned media technology company, JavaWorld is an independent resource for enterprise Java technology developers, architects, and managers who need to learn more about Java and related technologies. The site publishes several informational articles on Java in general, learning Java, Java news and reviews, open-source Java tutorials, and Java alternatives, as well as Java tools. Writer’s guidelines and member preferences are outlined.
https://www.javaworld.com/
Released by Oracle, the site offers production-ready open-source builds of the Java Development Kit, version 12.0.2, an implementation of the Java SE 12.0.2 Platform under the GNU General Public License, with the Classpath Exception. Available for Linux, macOS, and Windows, the packages can be downloaded from the site, along with documentation, development notes, release notes, and an overview of its features and restrictions. Bug reports may be submitted.
https://jdk.java.net/12/
Maintained by QuinStreet, the jGuru site was created to promote industry standards in Java software development remains open and occurs more rapidly, and to create a level playing field for all Java developers in the industry, both companies, and individuals. The site publishes articles on Core Java, Client-Side Java, Embedded and Mobile Java, and Server-Side Java. Downloadable resources, online courses on Java software development, and online forums are included.
http://www.jguru.com/
Supported by the Linux, macOS, and Windows operating systems, JUDO is an integrated development environment (IDE) for Java, designed for beginning computer programmers, as well as an educational tool used to teach programming concepts. Its features and concepts are highlighted, along with screenshots, function references, and an introduction and manual for the use of the program. It is available for downloading from SourceForge under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
http://judo.sourceforge.net/
Licensed under the terms of the Eclipse Public License, JUnit is a unit testing framework for the Java programming language and is one of a family of unit testing frameworks known as xUnit. Its goal is to create an up-to-date foundation for developer-side testing of the Java virtual machine. Freely downloadable from the site, a user guide and other documentation are available on its site, along with a FAQ, release notes, and other resources.
https://junit.org/
The result of an effort Sun Microsystems began in 2006, the Open Java Development Kit is a free and open-source implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition, licensed under the GNU General Public License, with a linking exception. Since version 7, OpenJDK has been the official reference implementation of Java SE. OpenJDK for Linux may be downloaded from the site, while links to the product binaries for macOS and Windows are included. The documentation and source are featured.
https://openjdk.java.net/
Oracle has been responsible for the development of Java after acquiring Sun Microsystems in 2010. New developments in the official version of Java are highlighted here and made available for downloading or subscription. The differences between the various forms of Java that are available are outlined, and documentation is available, including that for monitoring performance and Java APIs. Various cloud services, tutorials, tools, certifications, and open-source projects are included.
https://developer.oracle.com/java/
